The prodigy was supported by Antonio Salieri, who gave him free tuition in composition. His father, having obtained permission from his employer, Prince Nicholas Esterhazy, accompanied the young Franz to Vienna. He was taught to play the piano by his musical father, to the extent that he was giving concerts by the age of nine and starting to compose his own pieces. Liszt was born in the Hungarian town of Raiding on October 22, 1811. His work in transcribing existing music for piano also helped otherwise little-known music to become popular. Liszt was an important representative of the New German School, inventing the symphonic poem and introducing new developments in harmony. He helped a large number of other composers, including Berlioz and Wagner. He was also one of the foremost pianists of his generation as well as being an accomplished teacher and conductor. Liszt died in Bayreuth, Germany, on July 31, 1886, having outlived Wagner, his son-in-law and greatest creative beneficiary.Virtuoso pianist, conductor, Franciscan tertiaryįranz Liszt was a Hungarian composer. The complexion of his music darkened the flash that had characterized his previous efforts gave way to a peculiar introspection, manifested in strikingly original, forward-looking efforts like Nuages gris (1881). In his final decade he joined the Catholic Church and devoted much of his creative effort to the production of sacred works. 1 (1849) were orchestrated by talented students - but made up for lost time in the production of two "literary" symphonies (Faust, 1854-1857, and Dante, 1855-1856) and a series of orchestral essays (including Les préludes, 1848-1854) that marks the genesis of the tone poem as a distinct genre.Īfter a lifetime of near-constant sensation, Liszt settled down somewhat in his later years. Liszt was well into his thirties before he mastered the rudiments of orchestration - works like the Piano Concerto No. The "transcendence" of his Transcendental Etudes (1851), for example, is not a reference to the writings of Emerson and Thoreau, but an indication of the works' level of difficulty. He wrote most of his hundreds of original piano works for his own use accordingly, they are frequently characterized by technical demands that push performers - and in Liszt's own day, the instrument itself - to their limits. As his career as a touring performer, conductor, and teacher burgeoned, he began to devote an increasing amount of time to composition. Inspired by the superhuman technique - and, indeed, diabolical stage presence - of the violinist Paganini, Liszt set out to translate these qualities to the piano. Still, not even the juiciest accounts of his amorous exploits could compete with the stories about his wizardry at the keyboard. Liszt soon became a prominent figure in Parisian society, his romantic entanglements providing much material for gossip. Ultimately, his Hungarian origins proved a great asset to his career, enhancing his aura of mystery and exoticism and inspiring an extensive body of works, none more famous than the Hungarian Rhapsodies (1846-1885). When he was turned down there - foreigners were not then admitted - he instead studied privately with Anton Reicha. He studied for a time with Czerny and Salieri in Vienna, and later sought acceptance to the Paris Conservatory. Though already a veteran of the stage by his teens, Liszt recognized the necessity of further musical tuition. An oft-repeated anecdote - first recounted by Liszt himself decades later, and possibly fanciful - has Beethoven attending a recital given by the youngster and bestowing a kiss of benediction upon him. Still, he was at the age of eleven the youngest contributor to publisher Anton Diabelli's famous variation commissioning project, best remembered as the inspiration for Beethoven's final piano masterpiece. Though contemporary accounts describe his improvisational skill as dazzling, his talent as a composer emerged only in his adulthood. Hailed by some as a visionary, reviled by others as a symbol of empty Romantic excess, Franz Liszt wrote his name across music history in a truly inimitable manner.įrom his youth, Liszt demonstrated a natural facility at the keyboard that placed him among the top performing prodigies of his day. His lasting fame was an alchemy of extraordinary digital ability - the greatest in the history of keyboard playing - an unmatched instinct for showmanship, and one of the most progressive musical imaginations of his time. Liszt was the only contemporary whose music Richard Wagner gratefully acknowledged as an influence upon his own.
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